Caterpillars are the larval stage of butterflies and moths. They generally have soft, elongated bodies and several pairs of legs. Their appearance varies widely: some are smooth and brightly colored, while others may have hairs, spines, stripes, spots, or camouflage patterns.

Caterpillars play an important ecological role because they convert plant material into biomass that becomes food for birds, reptiles, amphibians, and predatory insects. However, certain species can cause significant damage to vegetables, fruit trees, ornamental plants, and seedlings by feeding on leaves, stems, flowers, or fruits.

Typical signs of caterpillar activity include irregular holes in leaves, chewed leaf edges, partially eaten foliage, and small dark droppings called frass. Some caterpillars feed during the night and hide during the day, making regular plant inspection important. Identification is especially important because some caterpillars develop into beneficial butterflies.

Small infestations can often be managed by hand-picking caterpillars and removing affected plant material when appropriate. Check the undersides of leaves for eggs and young larvae. If a serious infestation develops, use a targeted biological or other appropriate treatment after identifying the species and confirming that control is necessary.